Second Edition · Chapter 3 Assessment · Original Test 4.22
Assess shoulder external rotator function with an observer applying controlled resistance. This test has a photographic demonstration.
Test Position
Use the photograph to see the arm and shoulder position. A still image cannot show the applied resistance; follow the written procedure for the complete test.
Equipment
Observer or coach to stabilize the elbow and apply resistance.
Test Procedure
Sit upright with the shoulder abducted and the elbow bent to about 90°. Externally rotate the shoulder to bring the forearm upward. The observer stabilizes the elbow and applies gradual inward resistance while the athlete holds the position. Compare both shoulders and record the quality of control using the book’s grading criteria.
Result And Scoring
Record side, shoulder position, elbow support, forearm contact point, applied resistance, compensation and pain. Stop if pain occurs. The original good, fair and poor categories depend on the examiner’s resistance; they are not calibrated torque values or a diagnosis. A painless manual hold can miss a measured strength deficit. Compare matched conditions and use quantified strength assessment when the training decision requires it.
Photograph Note
The image shows the test position. It cannot demonstrate the force or response during the observer’s resistance, so use the protocol in the tennis edition for assessment.
Training Connections
If the test identifies an external rotator limitation, use the relevant shoulder and rotator cuff exercises from the resistance training library, then reassess with the same procedure.
From The Tennis Book
4.22 External Rotator Function Test in Advanced Concepts of Strength & Conditioning for Tennis.